Weather records have been kept since 1879 in Moscow and since 1891 in Russia as a whole.
"This year in Russia was the hottest for the entire period of instrumental observations," or nearly 130 years, the head of the Gidromedtsentr weather service, Roman Vilfand, told Russian news agencies.
He said Moscow's average temperature for 2019 had hit 7.6-7.7 degrees Celsius (45.7-45.9 degrees Fahrenheit), beating the previous record by 0.3 degrees.
Global warming has sent temperatures rising around the world, with the United Nations saying earlier this month that 2019 was on course to be one of the three hottest years on record.
Known for its notoriously harsh winters, Moscow has seen its warmest December in a century this year.
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